tprtree/Index.cc

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/******************************************************************************
 * Project:  libspatialindex - A C++ library for spatial indexing
 * Author:   Marios Hadjieleftheriou, mhadji@gmail.com
 ******************************************************************************
 * Copyright (c) 2002, Marios Hadjieleftheriou
 *
 * All rights reserved.
 * 
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
 * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
 * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
 * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
 * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
 * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
 * in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
 * OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
 * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 * DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
******************************************************************************/

#include <limits>

#include <spatialindex/SpatialIndex.h>

#include "TPRTree.h"
#include "Node.h"
#include "Leaf.h"
#include "Index.h"

using namespace SpatialIndex;
using namespace SpatialIndex::TPRTree;

Index::~Index()
= default;

Index::Index(SpatialIndex::TPRTree::TPRTree* pTree, id_type id, uint32_t level) : Node(pTree, id, level, pTree->m_indexCapacity)
{
}

NodePtr Index::chooseSubtree(const MovingRegion& mbr, uint32_t insertionLevel, std::stack<id_type>& pathBuffer)
{
    if (m_level == insertionLevel) return NodePtr(this, &(m_pTree->m_indexPool));

    pathBuffer.push(m_identifier);

    uint32_t child = 0;

    switch (m_pTree->m_treeVariant)
    {
        case TPRV_RSTAR:
            if (m_level == 1)
            {
                // if this node points to leaves...
                child = findLeastOverlap(mbr);
            }
            else
            {
                child = findLeastEnlargement(mbr);
            }
        break;
        default:
            throw Tools::NotSupportedException("Index::chooseSubtree: Tree variant not supported.");
    }
    assert(child != std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max());

    NodePtr n = m_pTree->readNode(m_pIdentifier[child]);
    NodePtr ret = n->chooseSubtree(mbr, insertionLevel, pathBuffer);
    assert(n.unique());
    if (ret.get() == n.get()) n.relinquish();

    return ret;
}

NodePtr Index::findLeaf(const MovingRegion& mbr, id_type id, std::stack<id_type>& pathBuffer)
{
    pathBuffer.push(m_identifier);

    for (uint32_t cChild = 0; cChild < m_children; ++cChild)
    {
        if (m_ptrMBR[cChild]->containsRegionAfterTime(m_pTree->m_currentTime, mbr))
        {
            NodePtr n = m_pTree->readNode(m_pIdentifier[cChild]);
            NodePtr l = n->findLeaf(mbr, id, pathBuffer);
            if (n.get() == l.get()) n.relinquish();
            if (l.get() != nullptr) return l;
        }
    }

    pathBuffer.pop();

    return NodePtr();
}

void Index::split(uint32_t dataLength, uint8_t* pData, MovingRegion& mbr, id_type id, NodePtr& pLeft, NodePtr& pRight)
{
    ++(m_pTree->m_stats.m_splits);

    std::vector<uint32_t> g1, g2;

    switch (m_pTree->m_treeVariant)
    {
        case TPRV_RSTAR:
            rstarSplit(dataLength, pData, mbr, id, g1, g2);
            break;
        default:
            throw Tools::NotSupportedException("Index::split: Tree variant not supported.");
    }

    pLeft = m_pTree->m_indexPool.acquire();
    pRight = m_pTree->m_indexPool.acquire();

    if (pLeft.get() == nullptr) pLeft = NodePtr(new Index(m_pTree, m_identifier, m_level), &(m_pTree->m_indexPool));
    if (pRight.get() == nullptr) pRight = NodePtr(new Index(m_pTree, -1, m_level), &(m_pTree->m_indexPool));

    pLeft->m_nodeMBR = m_pTree->m_infiniteRegion;
    pRight->m_nodeMBR = m_pTree->m_infiniteRegion;

    uint32_t cIndex;

    for (cIndex = 0; cIndex < g1.size(); ++cIndex)
    {
        pLeft->insertEntry(0, nullptr, *(m_ptrMBR[g1[cIndex]]), m_pIdentifier[g1[cIndex]]);
    }

    for (cIndex = 0; cIndex < g2.size(); ++cIndex)
    {
        pRight->insertEntry(0, nullptr, *(m_ptrMBR[g2[cIndex]]), m_pIdentifier[g2[cIndex]]);
    }
}

uint32_t Index::findLeastEnlargement(const MovingRegion& r) const
{
    double area = std::numeric_limits<double>::max();
    uint32_t best = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();

    MovingRegionPtr t = m_pTree->m_regionPool.acquire();
    Tools::Interval ivT(m_pTree->m_currentTime, m_pTree->m_currentTime + m_pTree->m_horizon);

    for (uint32_t cChild = 0; cChild < m_children; ++cChild)
    {
        // I need the combined region from current time up to infinity here.
        m_ptrMBR[cChild]->getCombinedRegionAfterTime(ivT.getLowerBound(), *t, r);

        double a = m_ptrMBR[cChild]->getAreaInTime(ivT);
        double b = t->getAreaInTime(ivT);
        double enl = b - a;

        if (enl < area)
        {
            area = enl;
            best = cChild;
        }
        else if (enl == area)
        {
            // this will rarely happen, so compute best area on the fly only
            // when necessary.
            if (a < m_ptrMBR[best]->getAreaInTime(ivT)) best = cChild;
        }
    }

    return best;
}

uint32_t Index::findLeastOverlap(const MovingRegion& r) const
{
    OverlapEntry** entries = new OverlapEntry*[m_children];

    double leastOverlap = std::numeric_limits<double>::max();
    double me = std::numeric_limits<double>::max();
    OverlapEntry* best = nullptr;

    Tools::Interval ivT(m_pTree->m_currentTime, m_pTree->m_currentTime + m_pTree->m_horizon);

    // find combined region and enlargement of every entry and store it.
    for (uint32_t cChild = 0; cChild < m_children; ++cChild)
    {
        try
        {
            entries[cChild] = new OverlapEntry();
        }
        catch (...)
        {
            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cChild; ++i) delete entries[i];
            delete[] entries;
            throw;
        }

        entries[cChild]->m_index = cChild;
        entries[cChild]->m_original = m_ptrMBR[cChild];
        entries[cChild]->m_combined = m_pTree->m_regionPool.acquire();
        m_ptrMBR[cChild]->getCombinedRegionAfterTime(m_pTree->m_currentTime, *(entries[cChild]->m_combined), r);
        entries[cChild]->m_oa = entries[cChild]->m_original->getAreaInTime(ivT);
        entries[cChild]->m_ca = entries[cChild]->m_combined->getAreaInTime(ivT);
        entries[cChild]->m_enlargement = entries[cChild]->m_ca - entries[cChild]->m_oa;

        if (entries[cChild]->m_enlargement < me)
        {
            me = entries[cChild]->m_enlargement;
            best = entries[cChild];
        }
        else if (entries[cChild]->m_enlargement == me && entries[cChild]->m_oa < best->m_oa)
        {
            best = entries[cChild];
        }
    }

    if (me < -std::numeric_limits<double>::epsilon() || me > std::numeric_limits<double>::epsilon())
    {
        uint32_t cIterations;

        if (m_children > m_pTree->m_nearMinimumOverlapFactor)
        {
            // sort entries in increasing order of enlargement.
            ::qsort(entries, m_children,
                            sizeof(OverlapEntry*),
                            OverlapEntry::compareEntries);
            assert(entries[0]->m_enlargement <= entries[m_children - 1]->m_enlargement);

            cIterations = m_pTree->m_nearMinimumOverlapFactor;
        }
        else
        {
            cIterations = m_children;
        }

        // calculate overlap of most important original entries (near minimum overlap cost).
        for (uint32_t cIndex = 0; cIndex < cIterations; ++cIndex)
        {
            double dif = 0.0;
            OverlapEntry* e = entries[cIndex];

            for (uint32_t cChild = 0; cChild < m_children; ++cChild)
            {
                if (e->m_index != cChild)
                {
                    double f = e->m_combined->getIntersectingAreaInTime(ivT, *(m_ptrMBR[cChild]));
                    if (f != 0.0) dif += f - e->m_original->getIntersectingAreaInTime(ivT, *(m_ptrMBR[cChild]));
                }
            } // for (cChild)

            if (dif < leastOverlap)
            {
                leastOverlap = dif;
                best = entries[cIndex];
            }
            else if (dif == leastOverlap)
            {
                if (e->m_enlargement == best->m_enlargement)
                {
                    // keep the one with least area.
                    if (e->m_original->getAreaInTime(ivT) < best->m_original->getAreaInTime(ivT)) best = entries[cIndex];
                }
                else
                {
                    // keep the one with least enlargement.
                    if (e->m_enlargement < best->m_enlargement) best = entries[cIndex];
                }
            }
        } // for (cIndex)
    }

    uint32_t ret = best->m_index;

    for (uint32_t cChild = 0; cChild < m_children; ++cChild)
    {
        delete entries[cChild];
    }
    delete[] entries;

    return ret;
}

void Index::adjustTree(Node* n, std::stack<id_type>& pathBuffer)
{
    ++(m_pTree->m_stats.m_adjustments);

    // find entry pointing to old node;
    uint32_t child;
    for (child = 0; child < m_children; ++child)
    {
        if (m_pIdentifier[child] == n->m_identifier) break;
    }
    assert(child < m_children);

    // MBR needs recalculation if either:
    //   1. the NEW child MBR is not contained.
    //   2. the OLD child MBR is touching.
    //Tools::Interval ivT(m_pTree->m_currentTime, m_pTree->m_currentTime + m_pTree->m_horizon);
    //bool bContained = m_nodeMBR.containsRegionInTime(ivT, n->m_nodeMBR);

    *(m_ptrMBR[child]) = n->m_nodeMBR;

    //if (! bContained)
    //{
        // update the MBR at the current time anyway, to make tighter.
        m_nodeMBR.m_startTime = m_pTree->m_currentTime;

        for (uint32_t cDim = 0; cDim < m_nodeMBR.m_dimension; ++cDim)
        {
            m_nodeMBR.m_pLow[cDim] = std::numeric_limits<double>::max();
            m_nodeMBR.m_pHigh[cDim] = -std::numeric_limits<double>::max();
            m_nodeMBR.m_pVLow[cDim] = std::numeric_limits<double>::max();
            m_nodeMBR.m_pVHigh[cDim] = -std::numeric_limits<double>::max();

            for (uint32_t cChild = 0; cChild < m_children; ++cChild)
            {
                m_nodeMBR.m_pLow[cDim] = std::min(m_nodeMBR.m_pLow[cDim], m_ptrMBR[cChild]->getExtrapolatedLow(cDim, m_nodeMBR.m_startTime));
                m_nodeMBR.m_pHigh[cDim] = std::max(m_nodeMBR.m_pHigh[cDim], m_ptrMBR[cChild]->getExtrapolatedHigh(cDim, m_nodeMBR.m_startTime));
                m_nodeMBR.m_pVLow[cDim] = std::min(m_nodeMBR.m_pVLow[cDim], m_ptrMBR[cChild]->m_pVLow[cDim]);
                m_nodeMBR.m_pVHigh[cDim] = std::max(m_nodeMBR.m_pVHigh[cDim], m_ptrMBR[cChild]->m_pVHigh[cDim]);
            }
            m_nodeMBR.m_pLow[cDim] -= 2.0 * std::numeric_limits<double>::epsilon();
            m_nodeMBR.m_pHigh[cDim] += 2.0 * std::numeric_limits<double>::epsilon();
        }
    //}

#ifndef NDEBUG
    for (uint32_t cChild = 0; cChild < m_children; ++cChild)
    {
        assert(m_nodeMBR.containsRegionAfterTime(m_pTree->m_currentTime, *(m_ptrMBR[cChild])) == true);
    }
#endif

    m_pTree->writeNode(this);

    if ( ! pathBuffer.empty())
    {
        id_type cParent = pathBuffer.top(); pathBuffer.pop();
        NodePtr ptrN = m_pTree->readNode(cParent);
        Index* p = static_cast<Index*>(ptrN.get());
        p->adjustTree(this, pathBuffer);
    }
}

void Index::adjustTree(Node* n1, Node* n2, std::stack<id_type>& pathBuffer, uint8_t* overflowTable)
{
    ++(m_pTree->m_stats.m_adjustments);

    // find entry pointing to old node;
    uint32_t child;
    for (child = 0; child < m_children; ++child)
    {
        if (m_pIdentifier[child] == n1->m_identifier) break;
    }
    assert(child < m_children);

    // MBR needs recalculation if either:
    //   1. the NEW child MBR is not contained.
    //   2. the OLD child MBR is touching.
    //Tools::Interval ivT(m_pTree->m_currentTime, m_pTree->m_currentTime + m_pTree->m_horizon);
    //bool bContained = m_nodeMBR.containsRegionInTime(ivT, n1->m_nodeMBR);

    *(m_ptrMBR[child]) = n1->m_nodeMBR;

    //if (! bContaied)
    //{
        m_nodeMBR.m_startTime = m_pTree->m_currentTime;

        for (uint32_t cDim = 0; cDim < m_nodeMBR.m_dimension; ++cDim)
        {
            m_nodeMBR.m_pLow[cDim] = std::numeric_limits<double>::max();
            m_nodeMBR.m_pHigh[cDim] = -std::numeric_limits<double>::max();
            m_nodeMBR.m_pVLow[cDim] = std::numeric_limits<double>::max();
            m_nodeMBR.m_pVHigh[cDim] = -std::numeric_limits<double>::max();

            for (uint32_t cChild = 0; cChild < m_children; ++cChild)
            {
                m_nodeMBR.m_pLow[cDim] = std::min(m_nodeMBR.m_pLow[cDim], m_ptrMBR[cChild]->getExtrapolatedLow(cDim, m_nodeMBR.m_startTime));
                m_nodeMBR.m_pHigh[cDim] = std::max(m_nodeMBR.m_pHigh[cDim], m_ptrMBR[cChild]->getExtrapolatedHigh(cDim, m_nodeMBR.m_startTime));
                m_nodeMBR.m_pVLow[cDim] = std::min(m_nodeMBR.m_pVLow[cDim], m_ptrMBR[cChild]->m_pVLow[cDim]);
                m_nodeMBR.m_pVHigh[cDim] = std::max(m_nodeMBR.m_pVHigh[cDim], m_ptrMBR[cChild]->m_pVHigh[cDim]);
            }
            m_nodeMBR.m_pLow[cDim] -= 2.0 * std::numeric_limits<double>::epsilon();
            m_nodeMBR.m_pHigh[cDim] += 2.0 * std::numeric_limits<double>::epsilon();
        }
    //}

#ifndef NDEBUG
    for (uint32_t cChild = 0; cChild < m_children; ++cChild)
    {
        assert(m_nodeMBR.containsRegionAfterTime(m_pTree->m_currentTime, *(m_ptrMBR[cChild])) == true);
    }
#endif

    // No write necessary here. insertData will write the node if needed.
    //m_pTree->writeNode(this);

    bool bAdjusted = insertData(0, nullptr, n2->m_nodeMBR, n2->m_identifier, pathBuffer, overflowTable);

    // if n2 is contained in the node and there was no split or reinsert,
    // we need to adjust only if recalculation took place.
    // In all other cases insertData above took care of adjustment.
    if (! bAdjusted && ! pathBuffer.empty())
    {
        id_type cParent = pathBuffer.top(); pathBuffer.pop();
        NodePtr ptrN = m_pTree->readNode(cParent);
        Index* p = static_cast<Index*>(ptrN.get());
        p->adjustTree(this, pathBuffer);
    }
}